The Carbonari’s conspiracy ends in 1831 with a hard repression. Being aware of it Giuseppe Mazzini pursues a clear political program: to transform Italy in a unitary democratic Republic. The “Giovane Italia” isn’t a secret society of initiates but a political movement which aims to develop the civil and patriotic awareness of all the Italian people. Dismissed the colours of the Carboneria’s Tricolore flag, Mazzini chooses the white, red and green Tricolore flag with the motto: “Freedom, equality and humanity” on one side and “Unity and Independence” on the other.